Sectors
wild
marine
pelagic
predator
tuna
billfish
shark
forage
herring
sardine
anchovy
menhaden
demersal
cod
flatfish
freshwater
farmed
carp
salmon
tilapia
Commercially important finfish fisheries
There are three principal industry sectors:
The commercial sector: comprises enterprises and individuals associated with wild-catch or aquaculture resources and the various transformations of those resources into products for sale. It is also referred to as the “seafood industry”, although non-food items such as pearls are included among its products.
The traditional sector: comprises enterprises and individuals associated with fisheries resources from which aboriginal people derive products in accordance with their traditions.
The recreational sector: comprises enterprises and individuals associated for the purpose of recreation, sport or sustenance with fisheries resources from which products are derived that are not for sale.
Commercial sector
The commercial sector of the fishing industry comprises the following chain:
Commercial fishing and fish farming which produce the fish
Fish processing which produce the fish products
Marketing of the fish products
World production
FAO catch statistics, world catches 1950-2005 in million tonnes.
Main articles: World fish production and Fishing industry by country
Fish are harvested by commercial fishing and aquaculture.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world harvest in 2005 consisted of 93.3 million tonnes captured by commercial fishing in wild fisheries, plus 48.1 million tonnes produced by fish farms. In addition, 1.3 million tons of aquatic plants (seaweed etc) were captured in wild fisheries and 14.8 million tons were produced by aquaculture.
Following is a table of the 2005 world fishing industry harvest in tonnes by capture and by aquaculture.
Capture
Aquaculture
Total
Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc
93,253,346
48,149,792
141,403,138
Aquatic plants
1,305,803
14,789,972
16,095,775
Total
94,559,149
62,939,764
157,498,913
This equates to about 24.4 kilograms a year for the average person on Earth.
Commercial fishing
Double-rigged shrimp trawler hauling in the nets
Main article: Commercial fishing
The top producing countries were, in order, the People’s Republic of China (excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan), Peru, Japan, the United States, Chile, Indonesia, Russia, India, Thailand, Norway and Iceland. Those countries accounted for more than half of the world’s production; China alone accounted for a third of the world’s production.
In the 1990s and 2000s it has become increasingly evident that industrial fishing has severely depleted stocks of certain types of ocean fish, such as cod.
Fish farming
Intensive koi aquaculture facility in Israel
Main articles: Aquaculture, Mariculture, and Fish farm
Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic organisms. Unlike fishing, aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions. Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments. Particular kinds of aquaculture include algaculture (the production of kelp/seaweed and other algae); fish farming; shrimp farming, shellfish farming, and the growing of cultured pearls.
Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosed pools, usually for food. Fish species raised by fish farms include carp, salmon, tilapia, catfish and cod. Increasing demands on wild fisheries by commercial fishing operations have caused widespread overfishing. Fish farming offers an alternative solution to the increasing market demand for fish and fish protein.
Fish processing
Tuna under the knife
Main article: Fish processing
Fish processing is the processing of fish delivered by commercial fisheries and fish farms. The larger fish processing companies have their own fishing fleets and independent fisheries. The products of the industry are usually sold wholesale to grocery chains or to intermediaries.
Fish processing can be subdivided into two categories: fish handling (the initial processing of raw fish) and fish products manufacturing. Aspects of fish processing occur on fishing vessels, fish processing vessels, and at fish processing plants.
Another natural subdivision is into primary processing involved in the filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processing that produces chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades.
Fish products
Sea urchin roe.
Main article: Fish products
Fisheries are estimated to currently provide 16% of the world population’s protein. The flesh of many fish are primarily valued as a source of food; there are many edible species of fish. Other marine life taken as food includes shellfish, crustaceans, sea cucumber, jellyfish and roe.
Fish and other marine life are also be used for many other uses: pearls and mother-of-pearl, sharkskin and rayskin. Sea horses, star fish, sea urchins and sea cucumber are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Tyrian purple is a pigment made from marine snails, sepia is a pigment made from the inky secretions of cuttlefish. Fish glue has long been valued for its use in all manner of products. Isinglass is used for the clarification of wine and beer. Fish emulsion is a fertilizer emulsion that is produced from the fluid remains of fish processed for fish oil and fish meal.
In the industry the term seafood products is often used instead of fish products.
Fish marketing
Fresh seafood laid out on one of several floating barge vendors.
Main article: Fish marketing
Fish markets are marketplace used for the trade in and sale of fish and other seafood. They can be dedicated to wholesale trade between fishermen and fish merchants, or to the sale of seafood to individual consumers, or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of wet market, often sell street food as well.
Most shrimps are sold frozen and are marketed in different categories. The live food fish trade is a global system that links fishing communities with markets.
Traditional sector
Fishing in C Mau, Vietnam.
Main article: Artisan fishing
The traditional fishing industry, or artisan fishing, are terms used to describe small scale commercial or subsistence fishing practises, particularly using traditional techniques such as rod and tackle, arrows and harpoons, throw nets and drag nets, etc. It does not usually cover the concept of fishing for sport, and might be used when talking about the pressures between large scale modern commercial fishing practises and traditional methods, or when aid programs are targeted specifically at fishing at or near subsistence levels.
Recreational sector
Fly fishing in a river
See also: Recreational fishing
The recreational fishing industry consists of enterprises such as the manufacture and retailing of fishing tackle and apparel, the payment of license fees to regulatory authorities, fishing books and magazines, the design and building of recreational fishing boats, and the provision of accommodation, fishing boats for charter, and guided fishing adventures.
References
^ FAO Fisheries Section: Glossary: Fishing industry. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
^ Fisheries and Aquaculture in our Changing Climate Policy brief of the FAO for the UNFCCC COP-15 in Copenhagen, December 2009.
^ The wording of the following definitions of the fishing industry are based on those used by the Australian government
^ a b FAO: Fisheries and Aquaculture
^ American Heritage Definition of Aquaculture
^ Royal Society of Edinburgh (2004) Inquiry into the future of the Scottish fishing industry. 128pp.
^ “ScienceDirect – Aquaculture : Comparative economics of shrimp farming in Asia”. www.sciencedirect.com. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4D-3T8P28T-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=48a8882e385af72d0dbdbacde67a9ebe. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
External links
FAO Fisheries Information
World Fishing Today, news from fishing industry
Fish database (FishBase)
American Fisheries Society
NOAA Fisheries Service
One Fish
The Sunken Billions: The Economic Justification for Fisheries Reform
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Fishing industry
Commercial fishing
Trawling Pair trawling Midwater trawling Bottom trawling Seining Longlining Trolling Dredging Fishing vessels Power block
Fish processing
Fish factory Factory ship Fish preservation Slurry ice Stockfish Smoked fish Gibbing Fish flake Salted cod Unsalted cod Kippers more…
Fish products
Seafood Fish as food Fish roe Fish meal Fish emulsion Fish hydrolysate Fish oil Fish sauce Shrimp paste Seafood list Crustaceans Molluscs more…
Fish marketing
Live food fish trade Shrimp marketing Chasse-mare Fishmonger Fishwife Worshipful Company of Fishmongers
Fish markets
Billingsgate Fulton Maine Avenue English Market Scania Tsukiji more…
Area fisheries
World fish production Fishing by country Fishing banks Other areas
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Principal commercial fishery species groups
Wild
Large pelagic fish
Mackerel Salmon Shark Swordfish Tuna (yellowfin, bigeye, bluefin, albacore and skipjack)
Forage fish
Anchovy Capelin Herring Hilsa Menhaden Sardines Shad
Demersal fish
Catfish Cod (Atlantic, Pacific) Flatfish (flounder, halibut, plaice, sole and turbot) Haddock Mullet Orange roughy Pollock Smelt-whitings Toothfish
Freshwater fish
Carp Sturgeon Tilapia Trout
Other wild fish
Eel Whitebait more…
Crustaceans
Crab Krill Lobster Shrimp more…
Molluscs
Abalone Mussels Octopus Oysters Scallops Squid more…
Echinoderms
Sea cucumbers Sea urchin more…
Farmed
Carp (bighead, common, crucian, grass, silver) Catfish Freshwater prawns Mussels Oysters Salmon (Atlantic, salmon trout, coho, chinook) Tilapia Shrimp
Commercial fishing World fish production Fishing topics Fisheries glossary
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Fisheries and fishing topic areas
Fisheries
Fisheries science Wild fisheries Oceanic habitats Fish farming Aquaculture Fish diversity Fish diseases Fisheries management Fishing quota Sustainability
Fishing
Fisherman Artisan fishing Fishing villages Fishing vessels Fishing history
Industry
Commercial fishing Processing Products Seafood Marketing Markets
Recreational
Angling Game fishing Fly fishing Catch and release
Techniques
Gathering Spearfishing Line fishing Netting Trawling Trapping Other
Tackle
Hook Line Sinker Rod Bait Lures Artificial flies Bite alarms
Locations
Fishing by country Fishing villages Fishing banks Fish ponds
List of articles by topic areas Alphabetical list of articles Fisheries glossary
Categories: Fishing industry
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